Cone of Learning

I was reading an online forum, when I came upon this cone. Cone of Learning by Edgar Dale. I knew I heard about this read-hear-see-do effects before, but this one even have an example at every levels.

Which quickly prompts me to think about taalim sittings. Although the books are pretty much read everyday again and again, however the effect of hearing the hadith being read, compared to reading the hadith ourselves, will never be the same. At least 10% difference!

And the bigger benefit is to get the effects from all levels, reading, hearing, seeing, doing it.

No wonder our elders, among them Maulana Saad, asking us, beside attending our regular taalim, to do our own personal readings of books like "The Lives of Companions" (Hayatus Sahabah) and "Virtues of Charity" (Fadhail Sadaqat), at our own free times.

10% of what we read - Our own personal readings at our free times
20% of what we hear - Regular taalim sittings
70% of what we say - Daily individual dakwah, muzakarah, bayan
90% of what we say and do - Local efforts and go out in the path of Allah.

Beautiful, subhanallah!

****

Saya sedang membaca satu forum di Internet, bila mana saya terlihat satu gambarajah mengenai "Cone of Learning" oleh Edgar Dale. Saya rasa, perkara tentang bagaimana pembacaan, pendengaran, penglihatan, dan perlakuan boleh memberi kesan yang berbeza, sudah diketahui ramai.

Apa yang lebih menarik ialah, kewujudan contoh pada setiap aras dalam gambarajah ini. Yang sangat mengingatkan saya kepada majlis taalim. Walaupun hadis yang dibaca telah berulang kali didengari, namun kesan dari mendengar hadis itu dibaca, tidaklah sama jika dibandingkan dengan kesan jika kita sendiri hanya membaca hadis itu. Sekurang- kurangnya 10%!

Manfaat yang lebih besar ialah, jika kesemua aras deria dapat digunakan untuk memberi lebih kesan kepada diri kita.

Tidak hairanlah, akabir kita, antaranya Maulana Saad, menyarankan agar kita, selain menghadiri majlis- majlis taalim kita, turut sama membaca kitab- kitab ini sendiri di waktu lapang kita.

10% dari apa yang kita baca - Bacaan kita di waktu lapang kita
20% dari apa yang kita dengar - Hadirnya kita mendengar di majlis taalim
70% dari apa yang kita cakap - Dakwah individu, perbincangan, dan bayan
90% dari apa yang kita buat - Usaha tempatan dan usaha keluar di jalan Allah.

Subhanallah!

Miscellaneous

According to the hadeeth narrated by the great Sahabi Ibn al-Hanzaliyyah, the Prophet (PBUH) told his Companions, when they were travelling to meet some brothers in faith: "You are going to visit your brothers, so repair your saddles and make sure that you are dressed well, so that you will stand out among people like an adornment, for Allaah (SWT) does not love ugliness."[1]

The Prophet (PBUH) also advised moderation in food and drink: "There is no worse vessel for the son of Adam to fill than his stomach, but if he must fill it, the let him allow one-third for food, one-third for drink, and one-third for air."[2]

`Umar (RAA) said: "Beware of filling your stomachs with food and drink, for it is harmful to the body and causes sickness and laziness in performing prayers. Be moderate in both food and drink, for that is healthier for your bodies and furthest removed from extravagance. Allaah (SWT) will hate the fat man (one who revels in a life of luxury), and a man will not be condemned until he favours his desires over his religion."[3]

"Have a bath on Fridays and wash your heads, even if you are not in a state of janabah (impurity, e.g. following marital relations), and wear perfume."[4]

Imam Ahmad and al-Nisa'i report that Jabir (RAA) said: "The Messenger of Allaah (PBUH) came to visit us, and saw a man who was wearing dirty clothes. He said, `Could this person not find anything with which to wash his clothes?'"

Bukhari reported from `Urwah (May Allah be pleased with her) via `Ata': "We heard `Aa'ishah the Mother of the Believers cleaning her teeth in the room . . ."[8]

Muslim also reports from `Urwah (May Allah be pleased with her) via `Ata': "We heard her using the siwak . . ."[9]

`A'aishah (May Allah be pleased with her) said: "The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) never woke from sleeping at any time of day or night without cleaning his teeth with a siwak before performing wudu'"[10]

The Prophet's concern for oral hygiene was so great that he said: "If it were not for the fact that I did not want to overburden my ummah, I would have ordered them to use the siwak before every prayer."[11]

`Aa'ishah (May Allah be pleased with her) was asked what the Prophet (PBUH) used to do first when he came home. She said, "Use siwak."[12]


They are also at the heart of Islaam because the Prophet (PBUH) urged cleanliness on many occasions, and he detested unpleasant odours and an ugly appearance. He said: "Whoever eats onions, garlic or leeks should not approach our mosque, because whatever offends the sons of Adam may offend the angels."[13]


This is reported in the hadeeth quoted by Abu Dawud from Abu Hurayrah (RAA), who said: "The Messenger of Allaah (PBUH) said: `Whoever has hair, let him look after it properly.'"[14]

The Prophet (PBUH) did not like people to leave their hair uncombed and unkempt, so that they looked like wild monsters; he likened such ugliness to the appearance of the Shaytaan. In al-Muwatta', Imaam Malik reports a hadeeth with a mursal isnad from `Ata' ibn Yassar, who said: "The Messenger of Allaah (PBUH) was in the mosque, when a man with unkempt hair and an untidy beard came in. The Prophet (PBUH) pointed to him, as if indicating to him that he should tidy up his hair and beard. The man went and did so, then returned. The Prophet (PBUH) said, `Is this not better than that any one of you should come with unkempt hair, looking like the Shaytaan?'"[15]

The Prophet (PBUH) always took note of people's appearance, and he never saw a scruffily-dressed man with untidy hair but he criticized him for his self-neglect. Imaam Ahmad and al-Nisa'i report that Jabir (RAA) said: "The Messenger of Allaah (PBUH) came to visit us, and he saw an unkempt man whose hair was going in all directions, so he said, `Could he not find anything with which to calm his head?'"[16]

Al-Qurtubi said: "Makhul reported from `Aa'ishah (May Allah be pleased with her): `A group of the Companions of the Prophet (PBUH) were waiting at the door for him, so he prepared to go out to meet them. There was a vessel of water in the house, and he peered into it, smoothing his beard and his hair. (`Aa'ishah said) I asked him, "O Messenger of Allaah, even you do this?" He said, "Yes, when a man goes out to meet his brothers, let him prepare himself properly, for Allaah (SWT) is beautiful and loves beauty."[17]

He regarded dressing well and looking good to be a demonstration of the Blessings of Allaah (SWT): "Allaah (SWT) loves to see the signs His gifts on His servant."[18]

Ibn Sa`d reports in al-Tabaqat (4/346) that Jundub ibn Makith (RAA) said: "Whenever a delegation came to meet the Messenger of Allaah (PBUH), he would wear his best clothes and order his leading Companions to do likewise. I saw the Prophet (PBUH) on the day that the delegation of Kindah came to meet him; he was wearing a Yemeni garment, and Abu Bakr and `Umar were dressed similarly."

Ibn al-Mubarak, Tabarani, al-Hakim, al-Bayhaqi and others report that `Umar (RAA) said: "I saw the Messenger of Allaah (PBUH) ask for a new garment. He put it on, and when it reached his knees he said, `Praise be to Allaah (SWT), Who has given me clothes with which to cover myself and make myself look beautiful in this life.'"[19]

Therefore Imaam Abu Hanifah (RAA) always took care to dress well and to ensure that he smelled clean and fresh, and urged others to do likewise. One day he met a man who used to attend his circle, who was dressed in scruffy clothes. He took him to one side and offered him a thousand dirhams with which to smarten himself up. The man told him, "I have money; I do not need this." Abu Hanifah admonished him: "Have you not heard the hadeeth, `Allaah (SWT) loves to see the signs of His gifts on His servant'? So you have to change yourself, and not appear offensive to your friend."

"Wretched is the slave of the dinar, dirham and fancy clothes of velvet and silk! If he is given, he is pleased, and if he is not given, he is displeased." ^[22]

"A man's tongue is half of him, and the other half is his heart; What is left is nothing more than the image of flesh and blood."[23]

****

Footnotes

1 Reported by Abu Dawud, 4/83, in Kitab al-libas, bab ma ja'a fi isbal al-izar; its isnad is sahih.

2 A sahih hasan hadith narrated by Ahmad, 4/132, and Tirmidhi, 4/18, in Kitab al-zuhd, bab ma ja'a fi karahiyyah kathirat al-akl.

3 Kanz al-ummal, 15/433. See also the valuable article on the harmful effects of over-filling the stomach on a person's body, mind and soul, by Muhammad Nazim Nasimi MD in Hadarah al-Islam, Nos. 5, 6, Vol. 15.

4 Fath al-Bari, 2/370, Kitab al-jumu'ah, bab al-dahn li'l-jumu'ah. Note: the command to wear perfume applies to men only; it is forbidden for women to wear perfume when they go out. [Translator]

5 A hadith narrated by 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar and recorded as sahih by Abu 'Awanah, Ibn Khazimah and Ibn Hibban. See also Fath al-Bari, 2/356, Kitab al-jumu'ah, bab fadl al-ghusl yawm al-jumu'ah.

7 See Samihah A. Wirdi, Min al-riqq il'al'sayadah, Damla Yayinevi No. 89, p. 28ff.

8 Fath al-Bari, 3/599, Kitab al-'umrah, bab kam a'tamara al-Nabi (r).

9 Sahih Muslim, 8/236, Kitab al-Hajj, bab 'adad 'amar al-Nabi (r) wa zamanihinna.

10 A hasan hadith, narrated by Ahmad (6/160) and Abu Dawud (1/46) in Kitab al-taharah, bab al-siwak.

11 Fath al-Bari, 2/374, Kitab al-jumu'ah, bab al-siwak yawm al-jumu'ah; Sahih Muslim, 3/143, Kitab al-taharah, bab al-siwak.

12 Sahih Muslim, 3/143, Kitab al-taharah, bab al-siwak.

13 Sahih Muslim, 5/50, Kitab al-masajid, bab nahi akil al-thum wa'l-basal 'an hudur al-masjid.

14 Reported by Abu Dawud, 4/108, in Kitab al-tarajjul, bab fi islah al-sha'r; its isnad is hasan.

15 al-Muwatta', 2/949, Kitab al-sha'r, bab islah al-sha'r.

16 A sahih hadith reported by Ahmad (3/357) and al-Nisa'i (8/183) in Kitab al-zinah, bab taskin al-sha'r.

17 See Tafsir al-Qurtubi, 7/197.

18 A hasan hadith narrated by Tirmidhi, 4/206, in Kitab al-isti'dhan, bab athar al-ni'mah 'ala'l-'abd.

19 See Al-Targhib wa'l-Tarhib, 3/93, Kitab al-libas wa'l-zinah.

20 Sa hih Muslim, 2/89, Kitab al-iman, bab tahrim al-kibr.

21Fath al-Bari, 10/334, Kitab al-libas, bab qass al- sharib; Muslim, 3/146, Kitab al-taharah, bab khisal al-fitrah.

22 Fayd al-Bari, 6/81, Kitab al-jihad, bab al-hirasah fi'l-ghazw fi sabil-Allah.

23 See Hashimi (ed.), Jumharah Ash'ar al-'Arab, 1/300, published by Dar al-Qalam, 1406 AH.

5 golongan yang perlu ada di markaz / 5 types of people that should exist in every markaz

5 golongan rakan seusaha yang perlu wujud di setiap markaz di seluruh dunia:

1 - Mereka yang sedia keluar bila- bila masa
2 - Mereka yang sedia keluar tanpa had masa
3 - Mereka yang sedia keluar dengan sesiapa sahaja
4 - Mereka yang sedia keluar ke mana- mana
5 - Mereka yang sedia keluar semata- mata kerana Allah

*****

5 types of brothers that should exist in every markaz throughout the whole world:

1 - Those who are willing to go out any time
2 - Those who are willing to go out as long as needed
3 - Those who are willing to go out with anyone, no matter who
4 - Those who are willing to go out anywhere
5 - Those who are willing to go out only for the sake of Allah

Contoh yakinnya Sayidina Umar RA / Example of how convinced Sayidina Umar RA

Kisah masyhur, semasa Rasul SAW berhijrah, baginda telah dikejar oleh Suraqah, seorang penjejak (trekker / tracker?) yang mahir. Dan seterusnya, kisahnya sekian sekian, bila Suraqah ditanya oleh baginda, apakah ganjaran yang ditawarkan? Jawabnya, 100 ekor unta. Rasul SAW berkata, mafhumnya, Kamu mengejar aku kerana 100 ekor unta, aku tidak dapat bayangkan bagaimana keadaan kamu bila kamu memakai gelang- gelang Kisra.

Semasa pemerintahan Sayidina Umar RA, telah berlaku perang di mana kerajaan Parsi telah dapat dijatuhkan. Harta rampasan melimpah- ruah di luar kebiasaan; antaranya permaidani sebesar 3 padang bola sehingga perlu dipotong- potong, mahkota Kisra yang sarat bertatahkan permata dan berlian. Beratnya mahkota itu, sehinggakan perlu digantung dengan rantai- rantai emas, dan Kisra hanya meletakkan kepalanya tanpa menampung beratnya mahkota itu. Jika putus rantai- rantai itu, patah leher Kisra kerana beratnya mahkota itu.

Setelah dihimpunkan kesemua harta rampasan, maka senarai harta rampasan pun dibuat oleh Abu Ubaidah Jarrah RA. Abu Ubaidah RA, berdasarkan hadis Nabi SAW, merupakan orang yang paling amanah dalam umat ini. Bila diserahkan kepada Sayidina Umar RA, selepas membacanya, Umar RA berkata, "Senarai ini tidak lengkap." "Apa yang tidak lengkap?" "Ini tidak boleh diberitahu, kamu sendiri yang harus mencarinya."

Maka, dicari- cari di pelosok istana Kisra, hingga terjumpa satu pasu yang diisi jerami. Bila diangkat jerami, didapati gelang- gelang Kisra. Dan diserahkan kepada Sayidina Umar RA.

Sayidina Umar RA menyembunyikan gelang- gelang itu di belakangnya, lalu diperintahkan Suraqah RA dipanggil. Suraqah RA pun datang, lalu Sayidina Umar RA memintanya menghulurkan kedua- dua belah tangannya. Bila dihulurkan, Sayidina Umar RA pun memasang kedua- dua belah gelang itu. Menangislah Suraqah RA, terkenangkan kata- kata Rasul SAW terhadap beliau.

Keterangan:
Betapa yakinnya Sayidina Umar RA terhadap kata- kata Rasul SAW, selepas berbelas- belas tahun berlalu (sejak Hijrahnya Rasul SAW), beliau masih ingat kata- kata baginda terhadap Suraqah. Sayidina Umar RA sanggup berkata senarai harta rampasan yang melimpah- ruah itu masih tidak lengkap, padahal dikumpul oleh seorang yang tidak lain, adalah orang yang paling amanah dalam umat ini. Bagi Sayidina Umar RA, orang yang paling amanah pun boleh berbuat silap, tapi janji Rasul SAW tidak pernah silap.

***

It's a famous story, during the migration of Rasul SAW, he was chased by Suraqah, a skillful tracker. The story goes, when Suraqah was asked by Rasul SAW, what is the reward offered for catching Rasul SAW, the reward is 100 camels. Rasul SAW said, more or less, You chased me because of 100 camels, I can't imagine what will you feel, when you got the bracelets of Kisra (Chosroe).

During the caliphate of Umar RA, a great battle occured where Persian Empire was defeated by Muslims. The war booties are so numerous, among them, carpets as big as 3 football fields, that later cut into pieces, and the crown of Kisra that is studded with gems and diamonds. The crown is so heavy that it needs to be hanged with golden chains, and the Kisra will just placed his head under the crown. If the chains crack off, the Kisra's neck will break because of the heaviness of the crown.

After all the booties were gathered, a list of them was made by Abu Ubaidah Jarrah RA, who is according to Rasul SAW, the most trusted person in my Ummat. When the list was handed to Sayidina Umar RA, Sayidina Umar RA read it for a while, and then said, "This list is not complete." "What's missing?" "I can't inform you, you have to find it yourself."

So, the whole palace of Kisra was searched, until they found a vase filled with hays. When the hays were lifted, there was the Kisra's bracelets hidden beneath. They were handed to Sayidina Umar RA.

He hid them behind his back, and ordered Suraqah RA to be summoned. When Suraqah RA came, Sayidina Umar RA asked him to give both hands. Sayidina Umar RA then helped putting the bracelets into Suraqah's hands. Upon this, Suraqah RA weeps in remembering the words Rasul SAW to him long time ago.

Morale:
How convinced Sayidina Umar RA with the words of Rasul SAW, after years and years (since the migration), he still remembered what Rasul SAW said to Suraqah RA. He insisted that the list of numerous bounties and booties from the war was not complete, although the person who compiled it, is none other than the one that Rasul SAW said, the most trusted person in my Ummat. For Sayidina Umar RA, the most trusted person can still do mistake, but the words of Rasul SAW never have any slightest mistake.

Kisah di Sri Lanka / Incident in Sri Lanka

Jemaah Malaysia keluar di Sri Lanka, berkesempatan pergi khususi (dakwah khusus) untuk membentuk jemaah ulamak di sana. Sampai di sesebuah rumah, rahaba (penunjuk jalan) akan tanya, langsir rumah ni warna apa, pintu warna apa, tangga macam ni tak, sekian sekian. Jemaah akan pastikan, ya betul, betul, warna sekian sekian, tangga macam sekian sekian.

Masuk ke rumah, tuan rumah sambut. Lepas seketika, tuan rumah tanya, datang dengan sapa? Jemaah jawab, ni orang tempatan ni, jadi rahaba saya. Tuan rumah kata, dia ni buta!

Maknanya, rahaba tu walaupun buta, dia hafal keadaan rumah- rumah di kampung tu, dan siapa penghuni- penghuninya, tanda hebatnya usaha tempatan yang dijalankan. Rahaba buta pun boleh tunjuk jalan!

***

A Malaysian jamaat that went to Sri Lanka, was going out to do khususi (individual visits) to form a jamaat of ulamak (scholars) over there. Whenever they reached a home, the local brother who guides them will ask, is the curtain this color, is the door this color, does the stairs look like this, etcetc. The Malaysian will confirm, yes, the curtain is that color, the door is like that, the stairs are like that, etcetc.

So, they entered the house, and greeted by the houseowner, an 'alim. After awhile, the alim asked, who do you come with? The Malaysian replied, with him, this local brother. The alim replied, this brother is blind!

This shows how great the local efforts in Sri Lanka, they knew inside out of each every houses and the residents, that even a blind brother can guide the way!

Laporan di Ternate / Reports at Ternate

Laporan jemaah keluar di Ternate:

Jemaah naik bot, takde pelabuhan. Rahaba (penunjuk jalan) bekalkan plastik kecil untuk setiap orang. Rupa- rupanya untuk bungkus duit dengan pasport. Sebab takde pelabuhan, kena turun dari bot, dan redah laut untuk ke darat / pantai.

Orang- orang tempatan telah sambut di pantai. Unggun api dipasang untuk keringkan beg- beg dan pakaian jemaah.

Waktu Zuhur, ramai orang datang. Bila jemaah tanya, ada kematian atau kenduri ke? Dijawabnya tak. Orang tempatan beritahu, lelaki 100% solat berjemaah.

Lepas solat, orang tempatan tasykil siapa sedia untuk nusrah taam (sediakan makanan) untuk jemaah? Ramai angkat tangan, dan peliknya ramai yang dipilih. Rupa- rupanya setiap ahli jemaah dibawa ke rumah- rumah yang berlainan. Lauk kangkung, sambal, ikan seekor. Cukup miskin dan daif. Tapi 100% lelaki solat berjemaah dan 100% wanita tutup aurat, kecuali beberapa orang jururawat yang bukan orang tempatan.

***

Report on jamaat that went to Ternate:

Jamaat rode a boat, but there's no jetty at the island. The local guide gives small plastics to each person. It turns out that the plastics are for keeping the monies and the passport from wet. Since there's no jetty, people have to wade through the water to get to the shore.

Local brothers greeted the jamaat and set up a fire to dry up the bags and the clothes.

During Zuhur time, many people turned out. When jamaat asks, is there any death or feast today, the local brothers answered no, this island, 100% men prays in jamaat (congregation).

After solat, local brothers asked for anybody who's ready to provide food to the jamaat. Many people raised their hands, and strangely many were chosen. Actually, what happened was, each member of jamaat were brought to different houses. The dishes are kangkung (a kind of green vegetation easily found), sambal (chilli paste?) and a small fish. Their conditions are very poor, but 100% men prays in jamaat, and 100% women covered their aurats, except some nurses who are not locals.

Usaha di rumah / Efforts at home

Usaha untuk mewujudkan suasana agama di rumah- rumah:

- Mesyuarat harian
- Muzakarah (perbincangan) 6 perkara oleh setiap ahli keluarga
- Muzakarah 5 adab: adab makan, adab tandas, adab safar, adab tidur, adab taalim
- Makan berjemaah sekurang- kurangnya 1 kali sehari.
- Muzakarah adab sunnah
- Pembahagian kerja: Dakwah, taalim, ibadat, khidmat

Q: Identiti rumah- rumah orang Islam?
A: Ada tabir!

Q: Macam mana nak lakukan usaha ziarah (gash) kalau 100% lelaki sudah ada di masjid? (utopia?)
A: Pergi rumah ke rumah, kemudian setiap suami (tuan kepada rumah itu) akan dakwahkan isteri- isteri dan wanita- wanita mereka.

***

Efforts at home:
- Daily musyawarah
- Discussion (muzakarah) on 6 points
- Discussion on 5 etiquettes: Etiquette of eating, etiquette of toilets, etiquette of travelling, etiquette of sleeping, etiquette of taalim
- Eating as one family at least once a day
- Discussion of etiquette of sunnah
- Dividing work: Dakwah, Taalim, Ibadat, and khidmat

Q: What is the sign of Muslims houses?
A: There's a curtain!

Q: How will we do visitation (jaulah) when 100% menfolk are already in the masjid?
A: Go from house to house, the husband (the owner of the house visited) will speak to his wives and womenfolk of that house.